Abstract We present a case of human intoxication due to a snakebite by the opisthoglyphous dipsadid Thamnodynastes lanei. A 26-year-old man was bitten on the right hand and was not medicated. Bleeding lasted a few seconds, while paresthesia, chills, and headache persisted for up to 10 hours. The pain disappeared after a week, and the edema, itching, and prickling persisted for another 3 days. Although this patient’s symptoms were typical of bites by South American opisthoglyphous snakes, they persisted longer than those of bites by some congeneric species. Our report adds a species to the list of medically relevant snakes.

RESUMO Em ectotérmicos, respostas defensivas a predadores geralmente dependem de relações de custo-benefício entre risco de morte e a energia necessária para fugir. Neste estudo, investigamos lagartos na Amazônia para testar a hipótese de que a distância mínima de aproximação de predadores (DAP) é influenciada pela temperatura e camuflagem. Nós testamos a hipótese de que estimativas de DAP para espécies com diferentes modos de termorregulação respondem diferentemente à temperatura e camuflagem. Nós amostramos 35 lagartos de uma espécie heliotérmica e uma não heliotérmica, para as quais simulamos um predador terrestre visualmente orientado. Usando um modelo linear de efeitos fixos, a temperatura afetou positivamente as estimativas de DAP, mas a camuflagem não contribuiu para o modelo. Usando um modelo linear de efeitos mistos, a camuflagem afetou negativamente as estimativas de DAP, independentemente de temperatura. Nossos resultados sugerem que alta exposição a predadores em hábitats abertos pode ser compensada por fuga rápida otimizada por altas temperaturas, e o baixo desempenho de fuga, usualmente causado por temperaturas relativamente mais baixas em habitats sombreados, pode ser compensado pela camuflagem. No entanto, a identificação do melhor preditor de DAP dependeu muito de considerar o modo de termorregulação nos testes de hipóteses, apesar de que os resultados obtidos por ambos os modelos de efeitos fixos e mistos podem ser relevantes para conservação.

ABSTRACT In ectotherms, defensive responses to predators usually depend on cost-benefit relationships between death risk and the energy required to flee. In this study we investigate Amazonian lizards to test the hypothesis that the minimum predator approach distance (PAD) is influenced by temperature and camouflage. We test the hypothesis that PAD estimated for species with different thermoregulation modes respond differently to temperature and camouflage. We sampled 35 lizards of a heliotherm and a non-heliotherm species, for which we simulated a terrestrial visually oriented predator. Using a fixed-effects linear model, temperature positively affected PAD estimates, but the camouflage did not contribute to the model. Using a mixed linear model assuming thermoregulation mode as a random factor, camouflage negatively affected PAD estimates, independently of temperature. Our findings suggest that high exposure to predators in open habitats may be compensated by rapid fleeing optimized by high temperatures, and low fleeing performance, usually caused by relatively low temperatures in shaded habitats, may be compensated by camouflage. However, identifying the best PAD predictor greatly depended on accounting for thermoregulation mode in hypothesis testing, although the results obtained by both fixed and mixed-effects models may be relevant for conservation.

RESUMO A perereca franjada, Cruziohyla craspedopus é raramente amostrada na Amazônia brasileira, provavelmente devido à baixa probabilidade de detecção associada ao seu hábito arborícola. A distribuição geográfica conhecida da espécie é resultado da adição sucessiva de registros ocasionais de ocorrência, que indicam que ela é amplamente distribuída na Amazônia. Nós apresentamos novos pontos de ocorrência para atualizar a distribuição geográfica da espécie, estendendo-a em 224 km na direção nordeste. Nós também apresentamos dados morfológicos dos espécimes coletados e discutimos a distribuição atualizada sob pontos de vista geográfico e ecológico. Mostramos que a distribuição de pererecas franjadas cruza vários tributários da margem sul do Rio Amazonas, embora esteja aparentemente limitada por cobertura arbórea mínima de 70%.

ABSTRACT The fringed leaf frog, Cruziohyla craspedopus is rarely sampled in the Brazilian Amazon, probably due to low detection probability associated with its arboreal habit. The knowledge about the species’ distribution stems from successive additions of occasional occurrence records, which indicate that the species is widely distributed throughout Amazonia. We present new occurrence records to update the geographic range of the species, which is hereby extended 224 km to the northeast. We also present morphological data from collected specimens and discuss the updated range from the geographic and ecological points of view. We show that the range of the leaf frog crosses several main tributaries along the southern bank of the Amazonas River, although the species occurrence is apparently limited by a minimum tree cover of 70%.

RESUMO Práticas ancestrais de zooterapia (uso das potencialidades terapêuticas da fauna) existem há pelo menos 6000 anos, e têm sido mantidas ao longo de gerações até os tempos modernos. Gordura de animais é comumente utilizada na zooterapia tradicional da América do Sul, e a gordura de serpentes sucuris é amplamente comercializada como cicatrizante natural, embora não existam evidências científicas que mostrem sua eficácia terapêutica. Neste estudo comparamos o tempo de cicatrização epitelial total e a redução proporcional diária de uma incisão dorsal em ratos Wistar machos adultos, entre um grupo controle, um grupo tratado com nitrofural (uma pomada cicatrizante comercial) e um grupo tratado com gordura de sucuri. Nós aplicamos os tratamentos a cada dois dias e medimos o diâmetro da incisão diariamente por dez dias consecutivos. Diferenças entre os grupos no tempo de cicatrização total e na redução proporcional diária da incisão consistentemente mostraram que gordura de sucuri teve ação cicatrizante mais eficiente que a pomada comercial testada. A literatura sugere que a eficácia de gordura animal em processos de cicatrização pode estar principalmente relacionada à presença de ácidos graxos, os quais têm sido amplamente demonstrados como importantes para reações bioquímicas envolvidas em processos de cicatrização. Os resultados têm ampla relevância social, considerando que as comunidades tradicionais amazônicas que utilizam a gordura de sucuris como zooterápico não têm acesso fácil a farmácias e hospitais.

ABSTRACT Zootherapy (the use of the therapeutic potential of animals) is at least 6,000 years old, and has been kept active throughout generations until modern days. Animal fat is commonly used in the zootherapeutic folk medicine from South America, specially the green anaconda’s fat, which is widely promoted as a natural medicine to treat wounds, even though there is no scientific evidence showing its efficacy. In this study we compared the total healing time and the proportional daily reduction of dorsal epithelial incisions in adult male Wistar rats treated with nitrofural (a commercial cicatrizing ointment) and with anaconda fat. We applied the treatments every two days and measured the incision diameter daily, during ten consecutive days. Differences among the groups in the total healing time and in the proportional daily reduction of the incision consistently showed that the fat-based treatment resulted in a faster healing process compared to the commercial ointment tested. The literature suggests that the efficacy of animal fat on healing may be primarily related to the presence of fatty acids, which have been widely demonstrated to be important for biochemical reactions involved in healing processes. Our findings are widely socially relevant, considering that traditional Amazonian communities that use anaconda fat in folk medicine do not have easy access to pharmacies and hospitals.

Abstract: Nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn is a congenital hamartoma that usually affects the scalp and face. Several benign or malignant neoplasias may develop in the lesion and the most common are trichoblastoma, syringocystadenoma papilliferum, and basal cell carcinoma. Trichilemmoma is a benign solid tumor originating from external sheath cells of pilosebaceous follicles. When it is characterized by a central zone of desmoplasia, it is called desmoplastic trichilemmoma. We report a case of a 58-year-old patient who developed a tumor in a sebaceous nevus. We performed a total excision of the lesion. Histopathological diagnosis was compatible with desmoplastic trichilemmoma. Our literature review reveals that the occurrence of trichilemmoma desmoplastic is unusual. Moreover, it can mimic an invasive carcinoma on histological and clinical examinations. This fact confirms the importance of reporting the occurrence of this rare cancer in a nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn.

Abstract: Heerfordt-Waldenström syndrome is a rare subacute variant of sarcoidosis, characterized by enlargement of the parotid or salivary glands, facial nerve paralysis and anterior uveitis. Granulomas with a peripheral lymphocyte deficit are found in the anatomic pathology of affected organs. It is normally self-limiting, with cure achieved between 12 and 36 months, but some prolonged cases have been reported. Diagnosis of the syndrome is clinical, and treatment depends on the degree of systemic impairment. Oral corticosteroids represent the first line treatment option. The mortality rate ranges between 1 and 5% of cases.

Abstract Squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma is an eccrine carcinoma subtype, and only twelve cases have been reported until now. It is a rare tumor and its histopathological diagnosis is difficult. Almost half of patients are misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma by the incisional biopsy. We report the thirteenth case of squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma. Female patient, 72 years old, in the last 6 months presenting erythematous, keratotic and ulcerated papules on the nose. The incisional biopsy diagnosed squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma. After excision, histopathology revealed positive margins. A wideningmargins surgery and grafting were performed, which again resulted in positive margins. The patient was then referred for radiotherapy. After 25 sessions, the injury reappeared. After another surgery, although the intraoperative biopsy showed free surgical margins, the product of resection revealed persistent lesion. Distinction between squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma is important because of the more aggressive nature of the first, which requires wider margins surgery to avoid recurrence.

Resumo Relata-se caso de uma paciente com artrite reumatoide que, após 2 meses de tratamento com o medicamento imunobiológico anti-TNF-α etanercepte, apresentou quadro cutâneo compatível com sarcoidose. Notavam-se pápulas violáceas disseminadas e assintomáticas, cuja histopatologia revelou dermatite crônica granulomatosa, com pesquisa de fungos e bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes negativa. Após suspensão do etanercepte, houve regressão do quadro cutâneo. Apesar de paradoxal, têm sido relatados na literatura casos de sarcoidose cutânea e sistêmica após uso de medicações anti-TNF, sendo raríssimos os casos com acometimento cutâneo exclusivo.

Summary We report the case of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who, after 2 months of treatment with etanercept, showed disseminated asymptomatic violaceous papules. Biopsy of the skin lesion showed chronic granulomatous dermatitis with negative staining for fungi and acid-fast bacilli (AFB). After discontinuation of etanercept, the patient's condition improved. Although apparently paradoxical, cases of cutaneous and systemic sarcoidosis after anti-TNF medications have been reported in the literature, with very few cases presenting exclusive cutaneous involvement.

Abstract Palpable migratory arciform erythema is an entity of unknown etiology, with few published cases in the literature. The clinical and histopathological features of this disease are difficult to be distinguished from those of Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltration of the skin, lupus erythematous tumidus and the deep erythema annulare centrifugum. We describe here the first two Brazilian cases of palpable migratory arciform erythema. The patients presented with infiltrated annular plaques and erythematous arcs without scales. These showed centrifugal growth before disappearing without scarring or residual lesions after a few days. They had a chronic course with repeated episodes for years. In addition, these cases provide evidence of a drug-induced etiology.

O crescimento da demanda pelo transporte aéreo tem exigido ações para adequação da capacidade instalada nos aeroportos. Normalmente tais obras requerem vultosos recursos e trazem preocupações socioambientais. Uma ampliação em qualquer setor do aeroporto necessita uma visão sistêmica para garantir que a obra vai efetivamente propiciar ganhos ao aeroporto como um todo e não simplesmente se transferir o gargalo dentro do sistema. Neste artigo são mostrados os resultados dos cálculos das capacidades de dois subsistemas do lado aéreo dos vinte principais aeroportos brasileiros. Apenas em quatro aeroportos se mostra a ocorrência de um balanceamento entre as suas capacidades. Nos demais, um ou outro subsistema se caracteriza como limitante. Para esses casos, a ampliação da capacidade do aeroporto somente se viabiliza se as ações se voltarem para o subsistema limitado.

In order to satisfy the continually growing demand for air transportation, further improvements has been demanded to increase airports' capacity. Usually, such effort requires significant resources, generating social and environmental concerns. When improving any airport facility, several systemic actions are required in order to ensure that such effort will actually be able to provide real benefits to the airport (as a whole), instead of just transferring the bottleneck through the system. In the present study, the operational capacities of two airside's subsystems are presented, showing those metrics for the top twenty Brazilian airports. As a result, only four of them indicate good balance between subsystems capacities, therefore, all the others are showing at least one subsystem that can be characterized as a bottleneck. For those cases, the expansion of the airport capacity is only possible through actions capable to solve capacity problems at the limited subsystem.

O eritema elevatum diutinum é uma vasculite leucocitoclástica cutânea crônica e rara, caracterizada por pápulas, placas e nódulos vermelhos, purpúreos e amarelados, distribuídos simetricamente sobre as superfícies extensoras das extremidades. Está associado a vários processos autoimunes, neoplásicos e infecciosos, principalmente malignidades hematológicas (cerca de 30% dos casos). Artralgia e artrite são sintomas frequentes, que afetam por volta de 40% dos pacientes, o que indica a necessidade de sua inclusão no diagnóstico diferencial das doenças reumatológicas, principalmente se em conjunto com outras apresentações da vasculite leucocitoclástica, caracterizadas pela combinação de manifestações reumáticas com alterações cutâneas características. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 18 anos que desenvolveu eritema elevatum diutinum, cujo diagnóstico baseou-se nas características morfológicas, no padrão de distribuição das lesões cutâneas e nos achados histopatológicos de vasculite leucocitoclástica. O principal sintoma sistêmico era uma artrite severa.

Erythema elevatum diutinum is a chronic and rare cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis, characterized by red, purple and yellow papules, plaques and nodules, distributed symmetrically on the extensor surfaces of the limbs. It is associated with several autoimmune, neoplastic and infectious processes, mainly hematological malignancies in about 30% of the cases. Joint pain and arthritis are frequent symptoms, affecting approximately 40% of the patients, indicating the need for its inclusion in the differential diagnosis of rheumatic diseases, chiefl y the other presentations of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, which are characterized by the combination of rheumatic manifestations and peculiar cutaneous lesions. We report the case of an 18-year-old female patient who developed erythema elevatum diutinum and whose diagnosis was based on the morphologic characteristics, the distribution pattern of the cutaneous lesions and the histopathological fi ndings of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The major systemic symptom was severe arthritis.